Source: In the following excerpt, Keronite explains issues surrounding present brake-component composition and how its plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating might solve some of these problems.
HAVERHILL, U.K. – The automotive industry has put a great deal of effort into reducing vehicle weight in recent years. This is driven by the growing need to decrease fuel consumption and thus reduce CO2 emissions; lighter vehicles need less fuel to power them.
To save vital kilograms, many manufacturers are turning to aluminum for its low weight and small cost. Aluminum is not without its problems however, especially when used in braking applications. Traditional cast iron brakes are considerably more resilient than aluminum ones. Numerous attempts have been made to increase wear resistance, but none have been found suitable for the mass market. That is, until now.
Keronite has developed a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating specifically designed for use in car braking applications. It could be set to revolutionize brake technology with its high resistance to wear, heat and corrosion.
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Braking bad: the problems with cast iron brakes
Before we look at the Keronite coating in greater depth, it is worth looking a little more carefully at the economic and environmental problems surrounding cast iron brakes.
Mass produced disc brakes have seen little innovation since their widespread adoption started over 50 years ago. Whilst this basic system has served the automotive industry well, there are two fundamental difficulties with its reliance upon the use of cast iron.
1. Cast iron brakes are heavy
Authors differ in their estimates and reports of fuel savings attributable to weight savings in passenger cars, but the general principle is agreed. One report claims that reducing the weight of a vehicle by just 15 percent may enhance fuel economy by up to 25 percent.
Cast iron brakes discs contribute around 40kg per vehicle and are therefore an attractive proposition to consider for weight reduction. The detrimental effects on fuel efficiency are compounded by the fact that brakes are part of the ‘unsprung mass’ of a vehicle. This is weight that is not supported by suspension and has a greater impact on fuel consumption. Combining this with the negative effects of ‘rotational inertia’ means that more fuel can be saved by reducing the weight in the brakes than of anywhere else in the vehicle.
2. Health concerns
Cast iron brakes are the second largest source of particulate emissions from a vehicle. As brake wear occurs, particles are released into the atmosphere. In urban areas, around 55 percent of total non-exhaust PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers) emissions is from brake wear. With PM10 particles being closing associated with major health problems including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, it is obvious that something must be done about brake wear.
Recently, additional concerns are being raised about a possible link between Alzheimer’s disease and magnetized nanoparticles of iron oxide that can enter the brain through the bloodstream.
Alternatives to cast iron
Several attempts have been made over the years to replace heavy cast iron brakes with a lighter, wear resistant alternative alternative:
High performance carbon fiber reinforced ceramic (CFRC) disc brakes have been available for a while, but they are extremely expensive and therefore only viable for high-end performance applications.
Aluminum MMC (metal matrix composite) brake discs have been used in the past on smaller performance cars, but they are also very expensive to produce and are not suitable for heavy passenger vehicles.
Attempts have been made to combine aluminum with sprayed or laminated ceramic coatings. The expansion rate of aluminum tends to be higher than that of ceramics however so cracking issues have prevented this from becoming a viable solution.
How are Keronite brake discs different?
Keronite have developed a unique plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process for forming a protective coating on the surface of aluminum components. This process gives the coating several key properties making it a viable and cost-effective way to incorporate aluminum into brake systems. Keronite’s innovative PEO coating has the following properties: high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, relatively low stiffness, high thermal resistance, excellent adhesion and it is environmentally friendly. The entire post can be viewed by clicking HERE
